Fly fishing has a wealth of terms used to describe the myriad of equipment, techniques, fish and insect behavior. Some of these terms may be unclear or confusing for the newcomer to fly fishing. Tom Rosenbauer, celebrated author of fly fishing books and articles, demystifies the meanings of commonly used fly fishing terms with easy-to-understand, "plain English" explanations, in order to enhance your enjoyment of this graceful and challenging sport.
If you need to refer to a specific term, just click on one of the terms here to go directly to that explanation.
If you still have questions, then use our live fish chat -- our fly fishing experts can help you select the right rod, reel, and tackle for your next fly fishing adventure!
Terms beginning with A - E
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| The Short Version |
Extra insurance for long-running fish |
| What It Really Means.... |
Some game fish, like salmon, steelhead, bonefish, tarpon, and many other saltwater species, will take a fly and run for up to 200 yards before you can slow them down. Since a fly line is only about 100 feet long, there has to be some kind of insurance beyond the fly line so you stay connected.
Fly line backing is a thin, strong line that is attached to the fly reel at one end and the fly line at the other. For most trout
fly fishing, 50 yards is plenty. When fly fishing for saltwater speed demons like bonefish or permit, the fish of a lifetime might take 200 yards
of fly line so you need to be prepared. |
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Types of Backing (Magnified Insert) |
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Vortex™ 9/10 spool with 150 yds. 30-lb. Dacron Backing. Note how much more room is taken up by backing. |
Vortex 9/10 spool with 250 yds. 35-lb. chartreuse Gel-Spun Backing. Note the room still left on the spool. You can see daylight through the spool vent holes! |
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| See Also |
Fly Line, Leader, Tippet |
| Braided Leader |
| The Short Version |
Braided leaders are made from many tiny nylon filaments braided together |
| What It Really Means.... |
The taper is obtained by a special braiding process that eliminates fibers gradually along the length of the braid, so that the diameter of the braid decreases. These leaders have loops on both ends. The heavier loop attaches to the fly line and the finer loop is connected to a tippet section. You can make your own looped tippets by putting a Perfection Loop in the end of a piece of tippet material, or you can buy pre-made bimini tippets, which because of the long bimini knot give the tippet a little extra taper for a slightly smoother transition.
Braided leaders offer an extremely delicate fly casting presentation, and many anglers prefer them for smaller flies and spooky fish. They cast easily because the stiffness of a braided leader is similar to that of a fly line, so the nice loop formed on a good cast gets carried along better. Because they are so supple, braided leaders also help avoid drag in tricky currents, and they are also capable of turning over a very long tippet, even a tippet that is four or five feet long. |
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Braided Leader Detail |
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Braided Leader out of the package
(shows loop presentation) |
Magnified Braided Leader |
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Braided Leaders and Bimini Tippet |
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| See Also |
Leader, Nylon Leader & Tippet, Tippet, Fly Line |
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| The Short Version |
In a fly rod or leader, the heaviest section.
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| What It Really Means.... |
In fly rods, this term applies to the heaviest section of a rod, the section to which you attach the
fly reel. In leaders, it refers to the heaviest part of the leader, the part that attaches to the fly line. Leader butts usually have a loop tied in them that attaches to the
fly line with a simple loop-to-loop connection. |
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| See Also |
Fly Rod, Grip, Reel Seat |
| Drag |
| The Short Version |
Enemy of trout fishing and a part of a reel |
| What It Really Means.... |
Drag, in describing the behavior of a fly on the water, is where a dry fly or nymph does not act as though it is drifting naturally.
Drag usually occurs when the fly line and leader skate the fly across conflicting currents. It can be avoided be using the correct leader and proper
fly casting and mending techniques.
In a fly fishing reel, the drag is a mechanical system that puts smooth pressure on a running fish to help slow it down. In essence it’s the brake on your fly reel. Drag is applied by putting pressure on plates made from metal, cork, composites, or a combination of the three. |
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Examples of
Fly Reel Drag Systems |
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| See Also |
Fly Reel |
| Dry Flies |
| The Short Version |
Dry flies float |
| What It Really Means.... |
Dry flies are flies that float, and imitate aquatic or terrestrial insects. They are actually heavier than water, but float via materials and construction that pins them to the surface film. Dry flies float better when treated with
fly floatants, which utilize silicone or other hydrophobic materials to keep a fly floating. A special type of floating fly is a
popper, made from cork or lightweight plastic that can imitate a frog, mouse, or a baitfish crippled on the surface. Poppers are most often used
when fly fishing for bass, pike and saltwater fish. |
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Dry fly floating on top of the water
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Examples of Fly Floatants |
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Examples of Poppers |
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| See Also |
Emergers, Nymphs, Wet Flies, Saltwater Flies |
| Emergers |
| The Short Version |
Fall between dry and wet flies |
| What It Really Means.... |
Emergers are halfway between dry flies and nymphs. They float right in the surface film or just below the surface, and imitate an aquatic insect as it is trying to shed its shuck and transform into a winged adult. Many anglers feel emergers are more effective than standard dry flies during a hatch. |
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| See Also |
Dry Flies, Nymphs, Wet Flies, Saltwater Flies |
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