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The road bed for Highway 41 effectively dammed the shallow “sheet flow” of water from the north, but two new bridges have restored the flow.
Hannah releases a peacock bass beneath one of the new bridges.
The River of Grass used to be much larger than it is today; in the wet season, the shallow sheet flow was up to 60 miles wide, supporting a massive sawgrass marsh punctuated by tree islands, areas of open water, and stands of cypress trees. The ecosystem was home to populations of alligators, limpkins, marsh rabbits, and fish. But over the last century, a network of canals, gates, and pumps was built to get rid of excess water and drain land for agriculture—particularly sugar cane. The result was a highly compartmentalized system of disconnected habitats. In the late 1920s, construction of the Tamiami Trail, which cut across the River of Grass, effectively dammed the system, cutting off the lower Everglades from its headwaters. The reduction of fresh water flowing through Everglades National Park to Florida Bay began to affect habitat diversity and the salinity of the bay.
In 2008, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built a one-mile bridge at the eastern end of Tamiami Trail to allow some water to pass through and into Everglades National Park, and in 2019, the Florida Department of Transportation removed part of the existing roadbed and constructed two new, longer bridges. Increasing the amount of water flowing through the lower Everglades will strengthen grassland and mangrove ecosystems that can play an important role in carbon sequestration, storing carbon in soils and plants instead of releasing it into the atmosphere. Healthy mangrove forests will also help mitigate upcoming climate-caused disturbances, such as sea-level rise. Scientists are now studying how best to manage this water—how much and at what times of year—to achieve the biggest positive effects. The goal is to return the Everglades to a resilient system that can respond to change by itself, naturally, as much as possible.
...and what is at stake of being lost.
It’s Not What It Looks Like
What at first glance may appear to be a piece of wood drifting along could very well be a stealthy gar on the hunt. This prehistoric-looking fish, with its hard and bony armor-like scales, inhabits the waters of south Florida’s muddy-bottomed streams, canals, and lakes where it hunts for fish, insects, and crustaceans. An air bladder enables it to retain air at the surface and in low-oxygenated water.
You’re How Old?
Known to grow up to 400 to 600 years old in the wild (the oldest in the world was believed to be 3,500 years old when it died), bald cypress trees are truly a sight to behold. With their flowing feathery branches and massive buttressed trunks, or “knees”, which are believed to be a response to growing in soft, wet soil, these iconic trees are found all over Florida and, though they are conifers, they drop their needles every fall, as a deciduous tree does. The bald cypress attracts seed-eating birds and serves as a nesting and roosting area for colonial wading birds.
No, I’m Not a Crocodile
With its broad, rounded snout and no lower teeth visible when the jaw is closed, you can be assured that you’re looking at a genuine alligator. Ranging from Texas to North Carolina to the tip of Florida, these armor-clad, cold-blooded wonders of nature can grow up to 14 feet in length feeding primarily on fish, frogs, mammals, birds, and invertebrates. Not classified as endangered or threatened, the primary threat to the American alligator is the disappearance of its habitat due to wetland drainage and development.
Peacock bass were introduced in the 1980s by Florida’s Fish and Wildlife Commission to prey on other non-native species.
The headwaters of the Everglades watershed is a slow, meandering, cypress-lined creek just outside the city of Orlando.
The restoration of 40 miles of river and floodplain is proof that these massive projects can be completed and show immediate results.
This is where the southward flow of water was interrupted. The reservoir will clean and store fresh water before it is sent south.
The roadbed for Highway 41 effectively dammed the shallow “sheet flow” of water from the north, but two new bridges have restored the flow.
The major outlet for fresh water from the Everglades, Shark River features the region’s tallest and most productive red-mangrove forests.
Florida Bay now receives less than 50% of the fresh water it needs to maintain its massive seagrass beds, which are the key to the entire ecosystem.
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